Creation of an Ecosystem

My mentor during my stay at Stanford is currently visiting Motorola India Research Labs in Bangalore on a temporary posting. He used this opportunity to invite me to make a presentation on our Disease Surveillance project to a group of senior people at Motorola India Research Labs this morning. It was a highly interactive session in which about 15 researchers took part and asked some very interesting questions on my project. Rajiv's objective was to get the local Motorola team interested in supporting our project in some collaborative way. A one-hour session went on for over 2 hours and was then followed by lunch. So I think it was great exposure
for our project. I also got to meet a set of very smart, young people who are excited about the potential applications of mobile technologies to social problems.

Thanks, Rajiv, for arranging this talk. Let us keep networking and propound our ideas in every possible situation. That is how we can create an ecosystem for social entrepreneurship in India.

Shashank

Social Entrepreneur or Activist Entrepreneur?

Back in Bangalore, I was recently discussing our stint at Stanford's Digital Vision Program with a few friends when a few good ideas came up. I was giving my usual spiel on Social Entrepreneurship when my good friend Partho Ray chirped up and said that instead of "Social Entrepreneur" we should perhaps consider the term "Activist Entrepreneur".

His reasoning was that while the word "entrepreneur" captured the concept of a passionate individual or group focusing on doing something positive very well, the word "social" has negative connotations as it tends to represent the average NGO and/or politico who is typically a stumbling block to progress. He felt that the concept of "social entrepreneur" is an oxymoron. The "socialist" is typically some guy out to bring the least common denominator to society, he is out to promote poverty as a virtue and to bring everyone down to a lower common level of wealth. On the other hand, an "activist" is a person out to disrupt the status quo, to bring about positive societal change and raise the level of the least common denominator itself.

Sounds familiar? A socialist society encourages shared community resources and distribution of wealth, even though unearned, and discourages private ownership. Distribution of poverty and collateral misery is the goal of a socialist, tghough he may not think so. On the other hand, a capitalist society encourages creation of individual wealth through personal initiative and ownership. How do you distribute wealth without first creating it? Sounds reasonable?

In a sense, "social" and "entrepreneur" do not mix very well and "social entrepreneur" may be an oxymoron. However, an activist sounds like a positive person who has his heart in the right place.

Now that's an interesting idea worthy of a fresh debate. Social Entrepreneur or Activist Entrepreneur? Does anyone want to take this theme forward?

Shashank

Trip to a Museum and Building Robust Futures through Scenarios

Amongst the many awesome resources at Stanford is the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts located close to the Quad. A truly remarkable museum that we visited on our penultimate day at Stanford, we found it to be a hidden gem well worth a visit even though we could spend just a few hours there. I do wish every visitor to the Stanford campus would find some time to visit this place and spend some time there.

It started as the Leland Stanford Jr. Museum way back in 1894, around the same time as the formation of the university itself, but in 1999 it re-opened after extensive modifications as the Cantor Center for Visual Arts.

The Rodin collection and the Rodin Sculpture Garden are truly remarkable. We also saw an exhibition of artifacts depicting the life of the Tuareg, a nomadic tribe of North-western Africa. The good news is that Cantor Museum allow visitors to take pictures, except in their Photo Gallery. So, thanks to the versatility, portability and unobtrusiveness of the digital camera, we landed up taking a lot of pictures.

However, we had a major disaster that I should have been better prepared for. While we managed to take loads of pictures inside the Museum, our camera battery died on us when we came out into the Rodin Garden. I was reminded of the usefulness of Neil Jacobstein's Robust Futures and Scenarios Workshop in which he taught us to think of the worst-case and best-case scenarios that our projects might encounter and then prepare strategies for handling them and build robust organisations. A pity, I hadn't thought of carrying a spare camera battery while visiting a museum. I had a spare high capacity memory card and was confident I would have adequate storage capacity for the entire day but forgot a basic fact that modern mobile devices have finite battery life!!

So Neil's workshop on planning for robust futures and a visit to the Cantor Museum brought home to me the importance of scenario planning for any major activity that we wish to undertake. While intuition is good, it can always be improved through formal structure and scenario planning. Thanks Neil, for the wonderful workshop that I will always remember and for exposing us to a different way of thinking about the future.

Shashank

SRI - Socially Responsible Investing: A new paradigm?

A precise definition of Social Entrepreneurship continues to elude us as we go about our task of bringing our projects to life. We are moving on from the conceptual stage to that of a living organism, the pilot stage in which we will actually interact with the under-served people we intend to impact the most. Along the way we will face challenges in raising capital, remaining sustainable, managing growth, managing the different constituencies that make up the social enterprise, and yet managing to remain focused on the initial mission with which we intended to start out. But are we the only ones with problems? But another key constituent in the social eco-system, the social investor, has her own set of problems. Her big challenge is to choose from amongst a range of social initiatives and decide which one gives the biggest bang for the buck.

The Social Investment Forum (www.socialinvest.org) defines “Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)” as the integration of personal values and societal concerns with investment decisions, in the sense of considering the investor’s financial needs with the investment’s impact on society. So, what’s new here? Is this a new paradigm for age-old philanthropy? Is it new wine in an old bottle? Is there a problem of plenty here? Maybe, but maybe not.

To give credit where it is due, there is now a willingness on a certain part of the investment community to take a more holistic look at investment by considering the impact on society and the environment, in addition to a return on investment. So metrics such as social return on investment, social impact and social outcomes are just as important to the socially responsible investor as they are to the social entrepreneur.

There is hope yet, that the investment climate will become conducive to the needs of the social enterprise even though the process may be slow. We need an enabling ecosystem to survive. How do we save the world, if we don’t build sustainable social enterprises? So let us move forward and redefine the social ecosystem.

Shashank

An Innovative use of a Mobile Device

"Luring leopard with rooster and mobile"

This is the title of a news item in a newspaper published in India. Ken Banks of kiwanja.net could add this to his list of instances "where technology meets anthropology, conservation and development"
In this case the technology was in the form of a mobile phone with the ring tone of a rooster that was successful earlier to trap a leopard and then release it into a forest away from a village. The chicken kept in the cage to lure the leopard clammed up so the forest officials also put a mobile phone with a rooster ring tone in the cage and kept calling on it to provide the audio effect.

Social Sweat Equity: Monetisation of Social Capital

We have recently had a wonderful and lively discussion on the topic of social entrepreneurship. A lot has been said about building a sustainable organisation using the tools of business and I will focus this discussion on just this sustainability issue. However, it is not yet clear how one would build in sustainability without periodic infusion of capital. Is an NGO built on periodic grants a sustainable entity? Or, does sustainability imply a steady revenue stream which is higher than the expenditure of an organisation? Or, is there something else that provides sustainability?

This is especially hard for those organisations that do not fit into a classical mould of a business where the consumer or customer ma not be a paying customer. Capital infusion could be grant-based, or it could be through the venture capital route. While traditional philanthropies and foundations have often provided grants to NGOs or non-profits, the average VC does not understand social entrepreneurship. While the VC understands financial metrics that are easily measurable, an NGO cannot easily provide metrics for social impact.

So we need to find a new abstraction to help in the monetisation of social impact. We need a new ontology, a new vocabulary, that will convey the meaning of this abstraction in traditional economic terms. Hence we need an abstraction that will allow us to put an economic value on social impact. For the moment, let us call this abstraction "Social Capital" or "Social Sweat Equity". An analogy is in order here. The concept of "sweat equity" came up when VCs started funding entrepreneurs. This abstraction allowed the entrepreneur to put an economic value on his/her prior work in getting an idea off the ground and claim a significant share in a venture where cash infusion was provided by the VC. Wouldn't it be nice if we could use the abstraction of "Social Capital" or "Social Sweat Equity" to attract potential funders into investing into a social venture just as sweat equity is valued by a VC in a traditional venture?

We need to get some economic thinkers and financial gurus to think about this concept and provide a theoretical foundation which may
then benefit the field of social entrepreneurship in the long run. "Social Capital" or "Social Sweat Equity" could be defined in a way that would measure social impact which could be monetised.

Any ideas? SocialEquity.org ?

Shashank

Some reflections on a recent news item

While reading the Deccan Herald (published in Bangalore) this morning I came across the following news item: "India next only to Nigeria in polio cases"

Press Trust Of India

New Delhi, April 28, 2007

According to an official of the National Pulse Polio Programme, out of 111 polio cases being reported globally this year till April 17, 54 cases were from Nigeria, while India registered 31 cases."

This report came the morning after I had read about a study "Eradication versus control for poliomyelitis: An economic analysis" by Kimberly M. Thompson and Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens. The Lancet 2007 (April 21 issue)" and was a real coincidence.

According to the study, the goal should be eradication and not just control of polio and that finally it is the better and more cost-effective option.

See http://www.kidsrisk.harvard.edu/ for further details.

Their study goes to prove that "prevention is cheaper than cure".

Isha Garg, MD

RDVP Fellow, Stanford

http://handheldsforhealth.org

On Social Entrepreneurship

In a few weeks from now we would have passed through the hallowed portals of Stanford for the last time, each of us on the way to greater glory in our chosen profession. So, was our stint at RDVP and flirting with social entrepreneurship just a diversion? A stepping stone to a corporate career? Perhaps, perhaps not. Whatever we may do in future, it is time to reflect on what we have achieved and what we could have done better. Is there anything amongst the myriad choices that Stanford offers, that we may have missed out? I am sure there are many more things I could have done if only the day had 32 hours, instead of 24!

The precise definition of "Social Entrepreneurship" still eludes me though I suspect I know a bit more now, than before I came here. Under normal circumstances, "social" and "entrepreneurship" would have been at two different ends of the political spectrum. But these are not normal times. Socialism has failed and capitalism is the undoubted winner. "Social" was short-form for "socialism", an ideology that has been declared failed the world over, ever since the collapse of the erstwhile Soviet Union and its satellites. "Entrepreneurship" or the process of "creative destruction" is the new mantra. Adam Smith would be happy to be around today. But so am I, though it may not appear so from my ramblings so far. All of us fellows were already entrepreneurs the day we threw away our corporate careers and secure jobs to come here. We were probably all of a "socialist" bent of mind to even think of serving society!! Loonies that we all were, we didn't know we were social entrepreneurs. But now we do know better.

The young sages of Silicon Valley say that capitalism is the only way. But as these sages go older and richer, they also seem to have more time to reflect on this. Maybe, get a bit wiser. So, maybe, there is another way. Aha, we shall call it "Social Entrepreneurship", entrepreneurship with a heart!! Voila! We have a new term. Just like we invent new and better mouse-traps, we coin new terms. New terms for presumably new paradigms.

So Fellows, in light of the new flavour of the decade, I am now a "Social Entrepreneur". The problem I have with that it has taken so long for most other people to get it. Why do they get it only when they are older and richer? Why not start early?

That is where the concept of a Digital Vision Program that nurtures Social Entrepreneurship comes in. It not only teaches us to become entrepreneurs, it also provides our potential benefactors an opportunity to reflect on societal obligations a bit more. It is a two-way street for sure.

So what have I learnt? Well, all is not lost. I certainly did not waste my time here. I have certainly learnt that any organisation, in order to achieve its mission, needs to be self-sustainable. It needs to be scalable and replicable. It needs to have well defined and articulated goals. It needs to have a plan, and it needs to have a sound implementation strategy. It must also have quantifiable metrics to measure performance. But, did you hear "social" in any of this? Well, I did. It hit me clearly when we learnt of outcomes and impact. That is when I started to understand the concept of social entrepreneurship. Bereft of all the clutter, the concept is actually quite simple and elegant. We need to be able to specify the kind of impact we intend our project to have on civil society, and find the tools to measure such impact.

So I can go back home happy, secure in the knowledge that my project on using mobile technologies for Disease Surveillance will have societal impact if it can help people at the margins of society stay healthy or treated quickly, should they happen to fall ill. I need to articulate my definition of social impact.

Overall, my stay at Stanford has been absolutely fantastic. There are many more things I would have liked to do but couldn't. Remember, focus? The memories of the strong bonds of fellowship that we developed here will always remain and I hope to continue to nurture these friendships. The exposure to people with different skills and experience has been over-whelming. All the speakers have been outstanding and we are thankful for the quality time they spent with us. Our mentors have been particularly helpful and shall be lifelong friends. We had a mini-United Nations here and it was absolutely thrilling to come in every day and see the passion and this tremendous diversity.

I do hope to go back and create such a programme in my country with the hope that social entrepreneurship will take root in youngsters. Stanford, the DV Program, and many other similar initiatives on this campus have all been very valuable experiences for me.

What would I love to do if given another opportunity? Well, this "bleeding heart liberal" would like to storm that bastion of conservatism across the campus and spend some time on another fellowship there. Know what I mean?

Cheers,
Shashank

RDVP Fellow, Stanford

http://handheldsforhealth.org